1. Deliberately breaking a fast during Ramadan

This applies when a person:

1. Knows they are fasting
2. Deliberately breaks the fast
3. Has no valid excuse
4. Does so during Ramadan

2. Breaking a sworn oath or vow

This applies when a person:

1. Swears by Allah
2. Or makes a binding vow
3. Then knowingly breaks it

3. Certain violations during Ḥajj or ʿUmrah

Some deliberate violations of ihram rules require Kaffarah, such as:

1. Shaving the head without excuse
2. Wearing stitched clothing
3. Applying perfume deliberately

The form of Kaffarah depends on the violation and may involve:

1. Fasting
2. Feeding the poor

Or offering an animal sacrifice